|
Method of analgesia by demographic and obstetric factors |
||||||
| Non-pharmacological n (%) |
Gas n (%) |
Pethidine n (%) |
Epidural n (%) |
General anaesthetic n (%) |
p-value from χ2 test |
|
| n = 312 |
n = 190 |
n = 292 |
n = 416 |
n = 50 |
||
|
|
||||||
| Maternal age |
0.002 |
|||||
| 16–19 |
5 (2) |
4 (2) |
9 (3) |
8 (2) |
2 (4) |
|
| 20–24 |
28 (9) |
17 (9) |
54 (18) |
45 (11) |
3 (6) |
|
| 25–29 |
99 (32) |
63 (33) |
99 (34) |
153 (37) |
11 (22) |
|
| 30+ |
179 (58) |
106 (56) |
130 (45) |
210 (50) |
34 (68) |
|
| Maternal education |
0.32 |
|||||
| Up to year 11 |
61 (20) |
43 (23) |
63 (22) |
74 (18) |
10 (20) |
|
| Year 12 |
70 (23) |
43 (23) |
80 (27) |
98 (24) |
5 (10) |
|
| Trade/certificate/diploma |
61 (20) |
31 (16) |
57 (20) |
87 (21) |
11 (22) |
|
| Degree |
118 (38) |
73 (38) |
92 (32) |
155 (37) |
24 (48) |
|
| Type of birth |
<0.0001 |
|||||
| Vaginal |
306 (98) |
183 (96) |
262 (90) |
116 (28) |
0 |
|
| Instrumental |
6 (2) |
7 (4) |
30 (10) |
128 (31) |
0 |
|
| CS with labour |
0 |
0 |
0 |
64 (15) |
19 (38) |
|
| CS no labour |
0 |
0 |
0 |
108 (26) |
31 (62) |
|
| Onset of labour |
<0.0001 |
|||||
| Spontaneous |
258 (83) |
148 (78) |
201 (69) |
162 (39) |
11 (22) |
|
| Induced |
53 (17) |
41 (22) |
89 (31) |
144 (35) |
8 (16) |
|
| No labour |
0 |
0 |
0 |
108 (26) |
31 (62) |
|
| Parity |
<0.0001 |
|||||
| No previous births |
84 (27) |
62 (33) |
157 (54) |
225 (54) |
19 (38) |
|
| ≥1 previous births |
227 (73) |
128 (67) |
134 (46) |
191 (46) |
31 (62) |
|
| Length of labour1 |
<0.0001 |
|||||
| <2 hours |
52 (17) |
24 (13) |
12 (4) |
6 (2) |
1 (5) |
|
| 2–12 hours |
224 (72) |
144 (76) |
200 (68) |
142 (47) |
11 (58) |
|
| 12–24 hours |
32 (10) |
16 (8) |
67 (23) |
105 (34) |
4 (21) |
|
| >24 hours |
3 (1) |
5 (3) |
13 (5) |
51 (17) |
3 (16) |
|
|
1among women who laboured | ||||||
Torvaldsen et al. International Breastfeeding Journal 2006 1:24 doi:10.1186/1746-4358-1-24 |
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